Medieval Indian History
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MedHist0020 — The Maratha Confederacy and the Peshwas
After Shivaji’s line, real Maratha power shifted to the Peshwas, chief ministers who expanded the confederacy…
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MedHist0019 — Shivaji and the Rise of the Marathas
Shivaji built a formidable Maratha kingdom in the Deccan, resisting both the Bijapur Sultanate and the…
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MedHist0018 — Mughal Decline After Aurangzeb
After Aurangzeb’s death, the Mughal Empire declined rapidly. Weak emperors, invading armies, and rising regional powers…
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MedHist0017 — Mughal Court Culture and Painting
Beyond battles and revenue policy, Mughal court life involved rich painting traditions, elaborate ceremony, and constant…
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MedHist0016 — Aurangzeb and Mughal Administration
Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Empire at its greatest territorial extent, but his religious policies and prolonged…
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MedHist0015 — Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Dara Shikoh
Jahangir and Shah Jahan presided over the Mughal Empire’s cultural peak, from Nur Jahan’s political influence…
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MedHist0014 — Akbar’s Empire
Akbar transformed the Mughal Empire from a fragile conquest into a durable, well-administered state, through religious…
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MedHist0013 — Babur, Humayun and Sher Shah Suri
The Mughal Empire began with Babur’s victory at Panipat, was nearly lost by his son Humayun,…
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MedHist0012 — Sikhism and Sufism in Medieval India
Sikhism and Sufism both offered paths of devotion outside orthodox religious structures, and both left a…
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MedHist0011 — The Bhakti Movement
The Bhakti movement spread devotion to a personal God across medieval India, expressed through regional languages,…
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MedHist0010 — Regional Sultanates and Rajput Kingdoms
Beyond Delhi and the Deccan, regional Sultanates and Rajput kingdoms flourished across Bengal, Kashmir, Malwa, Gujarat,…
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MedHist0009 — The Bahmani Kingdom and Deccan Sultanates
The Bahmani Kingdom emerged in the Deccan as a rival power to Vijayanagara, before eventually splintering…
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MedHist0008 — Vijayanagara: Decline, Sources and Monuments
Vijayanagara’s grandeur is known largely through foreign travellers’ accounts and its remarkable surviving architecture, right up…
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MedHist0007 — Vijayanagara Empire: Founding to Krishnadeva Raya
The Vijayanagara Empire rose in South India as a bulwark against Sultanate expansion, reaching its height…
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MedHist0006 — Sayyid, Lodi and Sultanate Administration
The Delhi Sultanate’s final dynasties, the Sayyids and Lodis, ruled a weakening state. Their administrative systems,…
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MedHist0005 — The Tughlaq Dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty produced two of the Delhi Sultanate’s most striking rulers: one famous for bold,…
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MedHist0004 — The Khilji Dynasty and Alauddin’s Reforms
The Khilji dynasty, and above all Alauddin Khilji, pushed the Delhi Sultanate’s power and administrative control…
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MedHist0003 — The Slave (Mamluk) Dynasty of Delhi
The Delhi Sultanate’s first ruling dynasty took its name from its founders’ origins as trained military…
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MedHist0002 — Muhammad Ghori and the Ghurid Conquest
Muhammad Ghori succeeded where Mahmud of Ghazni had not, establishing lasting Muslim rule in North India…
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MedHist0001 — Arab Conquest of Sindh and the Ghaznavids
The earliest Muslim contact with India came through Arab conquest and Turkic raids. Sindh fell first,…