International Relations Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 18)

The war is fought between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

Turkey joined NATO on 18 February 1952 and remains a full member with the alliance’s second-largest army.

The Rapid Support Forces originated as Janjaweed militias used by the Sudanese government during the Darfur conflict.

He served as India’s Ambassador to China from 2009 to 2013, his longest single posting.

S. Jaishankar joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1977, beginning a career spanning over four decades.

India was announced as the host of the next edition, held as the India AI Impact Summit in New Delhi in February 2026.

The summit series ran Bletchley Park (UK, 2023), then Seoul (South Korea, 2024), then Paris (2025).

A total of 61 countries signed the declaration at the Paris summit, though the US and UK were notable holdouts.

France and India co-chaired the Paris AI Action Summit, with President Macron and PM Modi both attending.

The European Parliament did adopt the Net-Zero Industry Act, on 25 April 2024. Statement II is wrong on two counts: the EU’s climate neutrality target is 2050 (not 2040), and the Act targets only 40% domestic clean-tech manufacturing capacity by 2030, not all of its clean technology.

UPSC CSP 2024 GS Paper I, Q96.

The Act sets an annual CO2 injection (carbon capture and storage) capacity target of at least 50 million tonnes by 2030.

By 2030, the EU aims to cut net greenhouse gas emissions by 55% compared to 1990 levels, on the path to full climate neutrality by 2050.

The EU’s climate neutrality target is 2050, not 2040 — 2040 is discussed only as an interim benchmark in some EU climate proposals.

The Act sets a goal for domestic net-zero manufacturing to meet at least 40% of the EU’s annual clean-technology deployment needs by 2030, not full self-sufficiency.

The European Parliament adopted the Net-Zero Industry Act on 25 April 2024, following a provisional Council-Parliament agreement in February 2024.

By elimination from the sources, the answer is I and III only. Statement I is supported. The IBRD provides loans, guarantees, risk management products and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. Statement III is supported on the IBRD page’s wording. The page says the Bank was created in 1944 to help Europe rebuild after World War II. Statement II is not supported by these sources. The IBRD page says IBRD and IDA work closely with all World Bank Group institutions and with the public and private sectors. This is UPSC Civil Services Prelims 2025, General Studies Paper I, Question 67.

The correct answer is that the IBRD provides sovereign-guaranteed loans to governments, while IFC finances the private sector without government guarantees. This option simplifies the sources. The financial statements say all IBRD loans are made to, or guaranteed by, member countries. They add that the IBRD may also lend to IFC without any guarantee. The IFC statement for FY2025, dated 30 June 2025, says IFC provides financing primarily to the private sector. It says IFC does not accept host government guarantees of repayment. It also says IFC generally charges market-based rates. The IBRD offers loans, guarantees, risk management products and advisory services, so it does not issue only insurance.

The correct answer is IBRD and IDA. The IBRD page says the IBRD joins with IDA to form the World Bank. The financial statements say the World Bank consists of IBRD and IDA. The World Bank Group has five institutions: IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA and ICSID. So all five together make up the Group, not the World Bank.

The correct answer is the founding institution and first of five World Bank Group members. It is the best fit among the options. The financial statements say the IBRD is one of the five institutions of the World Bank Group. Each institution is legally and financially independent. The IBRD Articles were ratified on 27 December 1945. IFC was established in 1956 and IDA in 1960. MIGA was established on 12 April 1988. The sources opened for this lesson do not give the ICSID date. So first of five rests on the four dates above.

The correct answer is middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. The IBRD page says it provides loans, guarantees, risk management products and advisory services to these countries. That page carries no date. It says middle-income countries represent more than 60% of the portfolio. IDA is the fund for the poorest countries. Table 12 of the financial statements lists seven regions for FY2026 net commitments, including Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia. On 30 June 2026, 86 member countries were eligible to borrow.

The correct answer is the reconstruction of European nations devastated by World War II. The IBRD page says the IBRD was created in 1944 to help Europe rebuild after World War II. Article I lists reconstruction and development together. It names the restoration of economies destroyed or disrupted by war. The question says primarily, but the sources do not rank the purposes. The charter was agreed at the 1944 conference. It was ratified on 27 December 1945, and the World Bank opened on 25 June 1946.

The INSTC links India to Iran (via Chabahar Port), then across the Caspian Sea to Russia and onward into Europe, effectively connecting India to Central Asia and Europe via Iran. India, Iran, and Russia are its founding members, having signed the founding agreement in St. Petersburg in 2000.

UPSC CSP 2025 GS Paper I, Q62.

INSTC membership has expanded well beyond the three founders to include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Turkey, Ukraine, and Syria.

Industry estimates put the INSTC at roughly 30% cheaper and 40% shorter than the traditional Suez Canal route between India and Europe.

Chabahar Port anchors the INSTC’s southern terminus, giving India connectivity to Central Asia and Afghanistan without transiting Pakistan.