What are the major challenges to internal security and peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in this direction.
1. North-East insurgency stems from ethnicity-based identity
North-East insurgency stems from ethnicity-based identity assertion, underdevelopment, illegal migration and porous borders.
2. Challenges include multiple insurgent groups
Challenges include multiple insurgent groups, ULFA, NSCN, NLFT and Kangleipak, plus extortion, arms smuggling and narcotics.
3. Ethnic clashes
Ethnic clashes, as the Manipur Kuki-Meitei conflict, displacement and inter-community tensions threaten civil peace.
4. Hilly terrain and long borders with
Hilly terrain and long borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh complicate policing and shelter hideouts.
5. AFSPA and security operations raise human
AFSPA and security operations raise human rights concerns, deepening alienation among local populations.
6. Peace accords include the Assam Accord
Peace accords include the Assam Accord 1985, Mizo Accord 1986, Bodo Accords 2003 and 2020, and Tripura NLFT Accord 2019.
7. Other efforts: Karbi Anglong Accord 2021
Other efforts: Karbi Anglong Accord 2021, Bru-Reang pact 2020 and the NSCN-IM Framework Agreement 2015.
8. Accords combine surrender and disarmament with
Accords combine surrender and disarmament with autonomy, Sixth Schedule councils, rehabilitation and development packages.
9. Way forward: development
Way forward: development, employment, sustained dialogue and institutional autonomy, delivering security plus a peace dividend.
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