The twinkling of stars is mainly caused by?

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1. The twinkling of stars is mainly caused by?

The stars’ enormous distance combined with turbulence and storms in the air

The Earth’s own rotation

The genuinely large physical size of stars

The stars’ enormous distance combined with constantly fluctuating air density along the light’s path

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Starlight passes through layers of air with constantly shifting density and temperature, which continuously refracts and bends the light slightly — read by our eyes as twinkling.