Consider the following statements about the three cascade frog species described from India in 2026: 1. Amolops ammachi was found in the Jampui Hills of Tripura. 2. Amolops sendenyu was found in Nagaland. 3. Amolops bella was found in the Western Ghats of Kerala. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only. Statements 1 and 2 are correct. A. ammachi is from the Jampui Hills of Tripura. A. sendenyu is from Nagaland. Statement 3 is wrong: A. bella is from West Bengal. Only the name of A. ammachi links to Kerala, through Padmini Varkey. Read more: EnvEco0220 — Cascade Frogs: New Amphibians from Northeast India.

Cascade frogs of the genus Amolops are able to live in fast-flowing streams mainly because:

Their tadpoles have a sucker on the belly to grip rocks. Cascade frog tadpoles have a belly sucker. It lets them cling to rocks in rushing water. That is why these frogs are also called sucker or torrent frogs. Read more: EnvEco0220 — Cascade Frogs: New Amphibians from Northeast India.

Northeast India lies within which of the following biodiversity hotspots?

Himalaya and Indo-Burma. Northeast India falls in the Himalaya and Indo-Burma hotspots. India has parts of four hotspots in all: Himalaya, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma and Sundaland. Read more: EnvEco0220 — Cascade Frogs: New Amphibians from Northeast India.

Assertion (A): Amphibians are considered sensitive indicators of environmental change. Reason (R): Amphibians have permeable skin and depend on both water and land during their life cycle.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both are true, and R explains A. Thin, permeable skin lets pollutants enter quickly. Needing both water and land means damage to either one harms them. Read more: EnvEco0220 — Cascade Frogs: New Amphibians from Northeast India.

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Consider the following statements about the second Global Amphibian Assessment (2023): 1. About 40.7% of the amphibian species assessed are threatened. 2. Amphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrates. 3. Since 2004, climate change has been the leading driver of worsening status. 4. Disease alone caused 91% of status declines between 1980 and 2004. How many of the above statements are correct?

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