वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण, आनुवंशिक रूप से संशोधित (GM) फसलों और जीन संपादन, डिजिटल सार्वजनिक अवसंरचना, विज्ञान के लोकप्रियकरण और कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) की नैतिकता पर अभ्यास प्रश्न।
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प्र1. Under Article 51A(h) of the Constitution, it is a fundamental duty of every citizen to do what?
उत्तर और व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: B
Article 51A(h) is a fundamental duty. It asks citizens to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform. It was added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
प्र2. Consider the following statements about the Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958: 1. It was adopted by the Government of India under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. 2. It stressed the need to cultivate a scientific approach in the country. 3. It is a constitutional provision. Which of the statements given above are correct?
उत्तर और व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: D
The 1958 Resolution was a policy statement, not a constitutional provision. It backed scientific research and a scientific outlook across the country.
प्र3. In February 2010, the Government of India placed a moratorium on the commercial release of which crop?
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उत्तर: A
The Environment Minister announced an indefinite moratorium on Bt brinjal in February 2010. Bt cotton remains the only GM crop approved for commercial cultivation in India.
प्र4. Consider the following statements about GM mustard in India: 1. The hybrid DMH-11 was developed at the University of Delhi. 2. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee approved its environmental release in October 2022. 3. In July 2024 the Supreme Court gave a split verdict and asked the Centre to frame a national policy on GM crops. Which of the statements given above are correct?
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उत्तर: C
All three are correct. The two judges split on the approval. They agreed that the Centre should frame a national policy on GM crops after consultation. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee sits under the Environment Ministry.
प्र5. Which body gives the statutory approval for the environmental release of genetically modified crops in India?
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उत्तर: D
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee works under the Environment Ministry. It appraises proposals for the large-scale release of genetically engineered organisms.
प्र6. In March 2022, the Environment Ministry exempted certain genome-edited plants from parts of the 1989 biosafety rules. Which types were exempted?
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उत्तर: B
SDN-1 and SDN-2 edits do not add foreign DNA. They were exempted from Rules 7 to 11 of the 1989 Rules. SDN-3 plants, which add foreign genes, stay under full regulation.
प्र7. How does genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 differ from older transgenic methods?
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उत्तर: A
CRISPR-Cas9 cuts DNA at a chosen spot. The cell repairs the cut, and this can change the plant’s own gene. Transgenic methods insert a gene from another species.
प्र8. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an example of which of the following?
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उत्तर: C
UPI is a public digital rail. It was launched by the National Payments Corporation of India in 2016 and lets banks and apps interoperate.
प्र9. Consider the following statements about the National Quantum Mission: 1. It was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2023. 2. It is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology. 3. It is implemented by the Department of Space. Which of the statements given above are correct?
उत्तर और व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: A
The Mission was approved in 2023. The Department of Science and Technology implements it. It builds capacity in quantum computing, communication, sensing and materials.
प्र10. Vigyan Prasar, set up in 1989, is an autonomous organisation under which Ministry or Department?
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उत्तर: D
Vigyan Prasar works on science popularisation through books, radio, television and digital media. It functions under the Department of Science and Technology.
प्र11. The National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) was set up in 1982 mainly to do what?
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उत्तर: B
The NCSTC works under the Department of Science and Technology. It supports science communication and popularisation, especially among young people.
प्र12. National Science Day is observed on 28 February to mark the announcement of which discovery?
उत्तर और व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: C
C. V. Raman announced the effect in 1928. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. India has observed National Science Day since 1987.
प्र13. Which of the following best describes ‘indigenisation’ in India’s science and technology policy?
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उत्तर: A
Indigenisation means building capacity at home. It cuts import dependence in critical areas such as defence, space and semiconductors. It does not mean closing the economy to foreign technology.
प्र14. Which of the following is a common ethical concern about the use of artificial intelligence?
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उत्तर: D
If training data carries bias, the system can repeat it. This can affect hiring, credit and policing decisions.
संबंधित विषय: कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता की नैतिकता
प्र15. Consider the following statements about the IndiaAI Mission: 1. It aims to build shared computing capacity for AI. 2. It is a purely private-sector initiative with no government role. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
उत्तर और व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: B
The Mission is a government programme that includes shared compute for startups and researchers. Statement 2 is wrong.
संबंधित विषय: AI Infrastructure in India: Compute, Data Centres, Chips and the IndiaAI Mission
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