According to Herodotus, Gandhara belonged to the Achaemenid Empire's 7th tax district. How much tribute did that district pay?

170 talents, shared with three neighbouring peoples. The answer is 170 talents, shared with three neighbouring peoples. Herodotus puts Gandhara in the seventh tax district. The Sattagydians, Dadicae and Aparytae paid with it. The figure of 360 talents of gold dust belongs to the Indians alone. A district that paid nothing is not in his list. Memory hook: seven is shared, twenty is rich. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

In Herodotus's list of tax districts, which district paid 360 talents of gold dust?

The Indians, in the twentieth district. The Indians are the answer. They formed the twentieth district. They paid 360 talents of gold dust, the most of any district. The seventh district, with Gandhara, paid only 170 talents. Susa and the Cissian country paid 300 talents. The nineteenth district also paid 300. Memory hook: twenty is gold. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

Darius I names Gandara and India among his lands in a tomb inscription. At which site is the tomb?

Naqsh-i Rustam. Naqsh-i Rustam is the answer. Darius the Great is buried there. His inscription DNa lists the lands he took outside Persia. Gandara and India both appear in that list. Persepolis and Susa have other royal buildings. Behistun holds a different inscription. Memory hook: the tomb text is DNa. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

Ashoka's edicts at Mansehra and Shahbazgarhi were written in which script?

Kharosthi. Kharosthi is the answer. These two sites are in northern Pakistan. The edicts there date to about 250 BCE. Brahmi was used for Ashoka's edicts in the rest of India. Greek was used at Taxila. Aramaic was used at Lampaka. Memory hook: the north-west used Kharosthi. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

Indian troops marched with Xerxes into Greece in which year?

480 BCE. The answer is 480 BCE. Herodotus lists Indian soldiers in the army of Xerxes. They wore cotton and carried reed bows. Their commander was Pharnazathres. The year 515 BCE is about when Darius took the Indus valley. The year 250 BCE is the date of Ashoka's north-west edicts. Memory hook: Xerxes marched in 480. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

Which sea captain did Darius I send to explore the Indus?

Scylax of Caryanda. Scylax of Caryanda is the answer. Herodotus says he sailed down the Indus for Darius. Livius dates the voyage to about 515 BCE. Pharnazathres led the Indian troops under Xerxes. Artyphius led the Gandarians and Dadicae. Megabazus was a satrap of Gandara. Memory hook: Scylax is the sailor. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

Which Persian king is thought to have first conquered Gandhara?

Cyrus the Great. Cyrus the Great is the likely answer. Livius dates the Persian invasion of Gandara to his reign. No ancient source describes it. Darius lists Gandara as a land he inherited. So Darius I kept it and added the Indus valley. Memory hook: Cyrus won it, Darius kept it. Read more: Alexander's Invasion of India, Gandhara Mahajanapada, Taxila.

At which site did Ashoka’s edicts appear in the Aramaic script?

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