A Treasury bill issued by the Government of India is best classified, under the BIS non-financial-debt framework, as debt owed by which sector?

The non-financial sector, since the government is the borrower. The correct answer is the non-financial sector, since the government is the borrower. RBI's FAQ says Treasury bills are short term debt instruments issued by the Government of India. The BIS lists the government sector as a borrower group. UPSC counted Treasury bills as non-financial debt in 2020. The key for Set A Q54 is option (d). RBI's FAQ calls Treasury bills money market instruments, but the issuer is still the Government. Read more: Non-Financial Debt Classification in the Indian Economy.

As per RBI's Financial Stability Reports of June 2025 and December 2025, which group of loans forms the largest share of household debt?

Non-housing retail loans. The correct answer is non-housing retail loans. The June 2025 report says they formed 54.9 per cent of total household debt as of March 2025. It says housing loans formed 29.0 per cent. The December 2025 report calls non-housing retail loans the dominant segment. It gives 55.3 per cent of household borrowing from financial institutions as of September 2025. The two figures use different bases and dates. Read more: Non-Financial Debt Classification in the Indian Economy.

The BIS says its credit statistics for the non-financial sector follow the framework of which standard?

The System of National Accounts. The correct answer is the System of National Accounts. The BIS portal says the statistics follow the framework of the System of National Accounts. The BIS methodology note says the private non-financial sector is as defined in the System of National Accounts 2008. The BIS portal says the sectors and debt instruments follow that framework. Basel III appears in BIS Working Paper 878 for a different reason. The paper says Basel III suggests using the credit-to-GDP gap in countercyclical capital buffer frameworks. Read more: Non-Financial Debt Classification in the Indian Economy.

What is the longest tenor in which the Government of India presently issues Treasury bills?

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What is the longest tenor in which the Government of India presently issues Treasury bills?

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