Under Explanation 2 to BNS section 63, consent is best described as which of the following?

An unequivocal voluntary agreement, shown by words, gestures or other communication, for the specific sexual act. Explanation 2 defines consent as an unequivocal voluntary agreement, communicated by words, gestures or any verbal or non-verbal communication, for the specific act. A proviso says not resisting physically is not, by that fact alone, consent. So options 1 and 4 are wrong. The Sanhita does not require written consent. 'Silence is not consent' is a gloss, not statutory wording. Read more: Consent, Rape and Indian Law (IPC 375 to BNS 2023)

Consider the following statements. 1. BNS section 69 punishes sex by deceitful means or a false promise to marry, where the act does not amount to rape, with up to ten years and fine. 2. In Pramod Suryabhan Pawar (2019), the Supreme Court held that every breach of a promise to marry is a false promise. 3. Pawar was decided under IPC section 375 and is not an interpretation of BNS section 69. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 3 only. Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong. Pawar held that a breach of promise differs from a false promise. A false promise is one given in bad faith, with no intention of keeping it at the time it was made. A later refusal alone does not prove falsity. Read more: Consent, Rape and Indian Law (IPC 375 to BNS 2023)

Arrange the following events in chronological order, earliest first. 1. Justice Verma Committee submits its report 2. Lillu v State of Haryana holds the two-finger test violates dignity and privacy 3. Independent Thought v Union of India on the exception for wives under 18 4. State of Jharkhand v Shailendra Kumar Rai bars the two-finger test

1, 2, 3, 4. The Verma Committee reported on 23 January 2013. Lillu followed in April 2013. Independent Thought was decided on 11 October 2017. Shailendra Kumar Rai came on 31 October 2022. So the order is 1, 2, 3, 4. Read more: Consent, Rape and Indian Law (IPC 375 to BNS 2023)

Which section of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 punishes the publication of a rape victim's identity, with up to two years and fine?

Section 72. Section 72 punishes publishing a victim's identity, with exceptions such as a police order or the victim's written authorisation. Section 67 covers sex with a wife living separately without consent. Section 68 covers abuse of authority by a person in a position of power. Section 69 covers sex by deceitful means or a false promise to marry. Read more: Consent, Rape and Indian Law (IPC 375 to BNS 2023)

Assertion (A): Under BNS section 63, sex with a girl under eighteen is rape whether or not she consents. Reason (R): The Law Commission’s 283rd report (September 2023) rejected lowering the age of consent from 18 to 16, saying the consent of a child is no consent. Which one of the following is correct?

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