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Marriage as a Sacrament in Modern India: UPSC Mains 2023 GS1 Q8

Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2023 · GS Paper I · Question 8

Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in Modern India?

10 marks · 150 wordsSociety & Ethics
Key Points & Approach to Answering
1. Traditionally

Traditionally, Hindu marriage was a sacrament or sanskar, indissoluble, religious and binding beyond individual choice.

2. Modern law

Modern law, the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and Special Marriage Act 1954, treats marriage as a civil, dissoluble contract.

3. Urbanisation

Urbanisation, education and women’s economic independence make marriage a matter of individual choice and delay it.

4. Rise of love

Rise of love, inter-caste and inter-religious unions, live-in relationships and cohabitation erode sacramental character.

5. Yet arranged marriages

Yet arranged marriages, family involvement and dowry practices persist, showing the institution’s resilience.

6. Courts increasingly affirm a contractual

Courts increasingly affirm a contractual, rights-based view, ruling on maintenance, live-ins and divorce.

7. The value is transformed

The value is transformed, not lost: rituals coexist with individualised, egalitarian expectations.

8. Family and community still regulate marriage;

Family and community still regulate marriage; stigma and honour codes remain in conservative settings.

9. Balanced conclusion: sacrament and contract coexist;

Balanced conclusion: sacrament and contract coexist; what declines is absolute value, not the institution.

Source: UPSC Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2023 — GS Paper I, official question paper (upsc.gov.in). Full paper: UPSC CSM 2023 — GS Paper I (Full Question Paper).

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