Artificial way of causing rainfall to reduce air pollution makes use of [UPSC CSP 2025]

silver iodide and potassium iodide. Option (a), silver iodide and potassium iodide, is the pair widely reported. UPSC has not published a key for this paper (checked 8 Oct 2026). IITM and the WMO treat silver iodide as the standard ice-seeding agent. Options (b) and (d) do not contain it. A 2016 review notes a lab use for potassium iodide and silver nitrate, which is to make silver iodide particles. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

Which seeding method burns calcium chloride flares at the base of warm clouds, as described in the IITM CAIPEEX report?

Hygroscopic seeding. The answer is hygroscopic seeding. IITM describes it for warm clouds. Calcium chloride flares burn at the cloud base. The released particles pull in water vapour and form droplets. Glaciogenic seeding is the cold-cloud method that uses silver iodide. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

What does the WMO say about silver iodide and the environment?

Published studies show no significant impact so far, but much larger amounts need evaluation first. The WMO finds no significant impact on health or the environment from the common agents used so far. It sets a condition for the future. A much larger amount, or a new agent, needs evaluation first. IITM adds that CAIPEEX IV made no detailed environmental assessment. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

Which agency runs Delhi's cloud-seeding pilot with the Delhi Environment Department, and what total outlay did All India Radio report for five trials?

IIT Kanpur, with a total outlay of ₹3.21 crore. IIT Kanpur runs the pilot with the Delhi Environment Department. The AIR report gives a total outlay of ₹3.21 crore for five trials. A separate AIR figure of ₹2.75 crore is the estimate for the trials alone. That estimate works out at ₹55 lakh per trial. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

Which problem did the expert opinion of 30 October 2024 raise about seeding in Delhi's winter?

Winter clouds come with short-lived Western Disturbances. The experts pointed to short-lived Western Disturbances as the source of winter clouds. When low clouds do form, natural rain often falls anyway. They also said clouds above 5-6 km cannot be seeded. The cold, dry winter generally lacks the needed cloud conditions. A dry layer below the cloud could evaporate the rain. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

How many flares did Delhi's environment minister say were used in the flight of 28 October 2025?

Eight. The minister put the count at eight flares. DD News gives the flight date as Tuesday 28 October 2025. The aircraft was a Cessna flown by IIT Kanpur. It came in from the Meerut side. The number five belongs to the planned sorties, not the flares. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

According to IITM, which early Indian seeding effort in 1951 used ground-based silver iodide generators?

A Tata firm, over the Western Ghats. IITM lists a Tata firm as the first effort in 1951. It used ground-based silver iodide generators over the Western Ghats. The north India programme of 1957-66 used ground salt generators instead. IITM's Baramati experiments ran in phases between 1973 and 1986. The Karnataka and Maharashtra projects came in 2017 and 2019. Read more: SciTech0150 — Cloud Seeding.

At Solapur, what did radar show downwind of hygroscopic seeding in CAIPEEX IV?

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