In 2010, Craig Venter's team achieved which of the following?

Created a bacterium with a fully synthetic genome, nicknamed Synthia. JCVI announced a bacterial cell controlled only by a chemically made genome on 20 May 2010. The genome copied one bacterium, Mycoplasma mycoides. The other options were not part of that result. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

In the 2010 JCVI experiment, the synthetic Mycoplasma mycoides genome was placed into a recipient cell of which species?

Mycoplasma capricolum. The team built the genome in yeast. They then moved it into a Mycoplasma capricolum cell. The new cells were controlled only by the synthetic genome. Yeast was only the assembly host. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

JCVI-syn3.0, reported in 2016, contains how many genes?

473. JCVI-syn3.0 has 473 genes. Its genome is 531 kilobase pairs, so 531 is a size, not a gene count. The number 1,078 is the count of DNA cassettes used in 2010. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

What did the 2025 Syn57 work do to Escherichia coli?

Replaced six sense codons and a stop codon with synonymous codons. Syn57 has a 4-megabase synthetic genome. Six sense codons and a stop codon were replaced by synonyms, giving a 57-codon code. The MRC team notes the freed codons could carry new amino acids. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

Which of the following is NOT one of the six thematic sectors of India’s BioE3 policy?

Nuclear power generation. The six BioE3 sectors include precision biotherapeutics, carbon capture and utilisation, and marine and space research. The others are bio-based chemicals, smart proteins and climate-resilient agriculture. Nuclear power is not a BioE3 sector. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

India’s first genome-edited rice varieties, announced on 4 May 2025, were developed from which two parent varieties?

Samba Mahsuri and MTU 1010. ICAR used CRISPR-Cas to edit Samba Mahsuri and MTU 1010. These gave DRR Rice 100 (Kamala) and Pusa DST Rice 1. PIB says the edits add no foreign DNA. Read more: SciTech0194 — Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology.

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Consider the following statements about the 2010 synthetic bacterial cell: 1. Its genome was designed from a digital sequence and made chemically. 2. The cell kept its old recipient genome alongside the new one. 3. The genome was assembled in yeast before being transplanted. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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