In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term 'transcriptome', sometimes seen in the news, refers to

the full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism. UPSC's official Series A key for CSP 2016, General Studies Paper I, matches the mRNA option for Question 31. Nature defines the transcriptome as the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell. A 1997 Cell paper used the word for the set of genes expressed from the yeast genome. NHGRI describes CRISPR as a technology that modifies DNA, gene expression as a process, and a mutation as a change in the DNA sequence. So the other options name an editing technology, a process and a DNA change.

In genomics, what does the term 'genome' refer to?

The entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell. NHGRI defines the genome as the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell. The set of RNA copies is the transcriptome, as Nature defines it. NHGRI describes CRISPR as the DNA-modifying technology. It defines a mutation as a change in the DNA sequence.

In genomics, what is transcription?

Making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. NHGRI describes transcription as the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. The copy is called messenger RNA. NHGRI defines a mutation as a change in the DNA sequence. It describes CRISPR as a technology for modifying DNA.

Which statement about gene expression is correct?

It can be thought of as an on/off switch and a volume control. NHGRI says gene expression can be thought of as an on/off switch for when and where RNA and proteins are made. It is also a volume control for how much is made. NHGRI says it changes substantially under different conditions and cell types.

Which technique converts a population of RNA into a library of cDNA fragments and then sequences them?

RNA-Seq. Wang, Gerstein and Snyder describe RNA-Seq this way. A population of RNA is converted to a library of cDNA fragments. Each fragment is then sequenced in a high-throughput manner. Nature names transcriptomics as the study of the transcriptome using high-throughput methods.

The National Cancer Institute lists genomic, epigenomic and proteomic data among the output of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Which other kind of data does it list?

Transcriptomic data. The National Cancer Institute says TCGA generated genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data. Transcriptomic data are measurements of RNA transcripts, as Nature defines the transcriptome. The other three kinds are not in the NCI list.

MCQ QuestionsMy progress

Consider the following statements about the transcriptome. 1. It is the set of RNA transcripts produced in a specific cell or under specific circumstances. 2. Comparing transcriptomes can reveal genes expressed differently in response to different treatments. 3. It is the set of DNA changes caused by mutations. Which statements are correct?

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