An area of land draining to a single common outlet. A watershed is land that channels its rain and runoff to streams and rivers, and finally to an outflow point. The option's single common outlet is the usual shorthand for that outflow point. The 2008 Common Guidelines set project units of 1,000 to 5,000 hectares on average. The 2021 guidelines plan one expert team for each project of about 5,000 hectares. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

Which professor headed the 1994 Technical Committee that reviewed DPAP and DDP?

Prof. C.H. Hanumantha Rao. The 1994 Technical Committee worked under Prof. C.H. Hanumantha Rao. It found the programmes fragmented and run through rigid guidelines. It brought DDP, DPAP and the Integrated Wastelands Development Programme under one umbrella. Projects from 1994 to 2001 followed these guidelines. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

Under WDC-PMKSY 2.0, what is the usual cost-sharing ratio between the Centre and a State?

60:40. The Centre and State share costs 60:40. For hilly States and the North-East, including Sikkim, the ratio is 90:10. For Union Territories, the Centre pays 100%. The project period was cut from 4 to 7 years down to 3 to 5 years. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

The National Rainfed Area Authority is the Knowledge Partner of DoLR. Under which ministry does it function?

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. NRAA is an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It was constituted on 3 November 2006. It does not function under the Department of Land Resources. The 2021 guidelines make it the Knowledge Partner of DoLR for area prioritisation and new technology tools. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

What is the minimum membership of a Watershed Committee under the 2021 guidelines?

Eleven. The 2021 guidelines require at least eleven members. The 2008 guidelines set the figure at 10. Five members represent user groups and Self Help Groups, and three come from the FPO. The committee needs at least two women and two SC/ST members. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

In the 1 September 2026 review, how many WDC-PMKSY 2.0 projects had been sanctioned?

1,220. DD News reported 1,220 sanctioned projects covering 52.93 lakh hectares. The figure of 1,150 is the 2021-22 count from PIB in January 2025. The figure of 8,214 is the WDC-PMKSY 1.0 total. The figure of 805 is the Watershed Yatra project count. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

What happened to the World Bank's Neeranchal project by 2019?

Only USD 1.06 million was disbursed, and India asked to cancel the rest. Neeranchal was approved on 17 July 2014 for nine States at a total cost of USD 357 million. A 2019 World Bank paper says it performed poorly. India asked on 22 July 2019 to cancel the undisbursed USD 177.28 million. The USD 115 million loan belongs to REWARD, a newer project. Read more: Watershed Development for Water Conservation in India.

MCQ QuestionsMy progress

What are the benefits of implementing the ‘Integrated Watershed Development Programme’? 1. Prevention of soil runoff 2. Linking the country’s perennial rivers with seasonal rivers 3. Rainwater harvesting and recharge of groundwater table 4. Regeneration of natural vegetation Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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