Which type of alternative-powertrain vehicle draws its power entirely from an onboard battery charged by an external power source, with no internal combustion engine and no fuel-cell stack?

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). The answer is the battery electric vehicle. A BEV runs on an electric motor that draws power from a traction battery pack. It must plug in to charge. The AFDC says it has no tailpipe exhaust, fuel pump, fuel line or fuel tank. An FCEV makes its own power in a fuel cell, while a PHEV and an HEV still carry an engine. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

Which type of vehicle has an engine, a motor and a battery, and can also be plugged in to charge?

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle can plug in. The AFDC says its battery charges from external equipment, from the engine and from regenerative braking. A plain hybrid cannot be plugged in. Current PHEVs travel about 15 to 60-plus miles on electricity alone. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

In a lithium-ion EV battery, which material is usually the anode?

Graphite. The DOE says the usual anode is graphite or another carbon. The cathode comes in several classes. Examples are LFP, NMC and NCA. NMC is valued for energy density and LFP for safety. Lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode while charging. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

According to the DOE, how long may EV batteries last in moderate climates?

12 to 15 years. A DOE study says EV batteries may last 12 to 15 years in moderate climates. In severe climates the figure is 8 to 12 years. The AFDC says a battery keeps at least 70% of its initial capacity at the end of vehicle life. It can then serve another 10 years or more in second-life uses. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

In 2019, the GST rate on electric vehicles was reduced from 12% to which rate?

5%. The 36th GST Council recommended cutting the GST on all electric vehicles from 12% to 5%. It cut the rate on chargers and charging stations from 18% to 5%. The change took effect on 1 August 2019. The PIB of 5 August 2025 says the Ministry of Finance has reduced GST on EVs from 12% to 5%. Check the current rate before relying on it. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

Which principle underlies the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022?

Extended producer responsibility. The Rules work on extended producer responsibility, or EPR. Producers, including importers, must collect and recycle or refurbish waste batteries. Landfill and incineration are prohibited. The rules were published on 24 August 2022. They cover EV, portable, automotive and industrial batteries. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

According to the AFDC, what does the battery in most fuel cell electric vehicles do?

Recaptures braking energy. The AFDC says most FCEVs use the battery to recapture braking energy. The battery also gives extra power in short bursts. It smooths the power coming from the fuel cell. The battery does that job. Read more: SciTech0157 — Alternative Powertrain Vehicles: BEV, FCEV, and FCHEV.

What is the outlay of the PLI-Auto scheme, which focuses on zero emission vehicles?

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