Regarding the Mangalyaan mission launched by ISRO, which combination is correct: is it also called the Mars Orbiter Mission, did it make India the second country to orbit Mars after the USA, and did it make India the only country to succeed on its very first Mars attempt?

Only the naming and first-attempt-success statements are genuinely correct. The naming statement is correct, since Mangalyaan is the Mars Orbiter Mission. PIB called ISRO the fourth space agency to reach Mars orbit. So the second-country statement is wrong. ISRO says India succeeded on its first attempt, and the key follows ISRO. ISRO's book also says India is the only country to do so. That word is ISRO's wording, not a settled fact. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

According to ISRO, what was the primary objective of the Mars Orbiter Mission?

To demonstrate technology for an interplanetary mission. ISRO describes the objectives as primarily technological. The aim was to design, build and fly a spacecraft that could reach Mars orbit. Science came second. It used Indian instruments to study surface features, minerals and the atmosphere. The spacecraft did not land. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

Which rocket launched the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft, and from where?

PSLV-C25 (PSLV-XL) from Sriharikota. PSLV-C25 lifted off on 5 November 2013 from the First Launch Pad at Sriharikota. It was the extended PSLV-XL version, with six strap-on boosters. The rocket only placed the spacecraft in an oval Earth orbit. The spacecraft's own engine then did the rest. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

Why did the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft take about 300 days to reach Mars?

ISRO chose the least-fuel path, which suits only certain Earth-Mars alignments. ISRO chose a Hohmann transfer, also called a minimum energy transfer orbit. It is roughly half an ellipse round the Sun. It works only when Earth, the Sun and Mars line up in a certain way. That match returns about every 780 days. The other options are not in any source opened for this lesson. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

On which date did the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft enter orbit around Mars?

24 September 2014. PIB's press release on the day gives 24 September 2014. The insertion burn began at 07:17:32 IST. It lasted about 23 minutes. NASA's MAVEN had entered Mars orbit about two days earlier, on 22 September in UTC. The launch date was 5 November 2013. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

Which place in the order of space agencies did ISRO take when it put a spacecraft into Mars orbit, according to PIB?

Fourth. PIB said that ISRO became the fourth space agency to send a spacecraft to Mars orbit. Three agencies had reached it before. NASA's Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, in November 1971. ESA's Mars Express followed on 25 December 2003. India was also the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

What did ISRO give as the cost of the Mars Orbiter Mission?

About Rupees 450 crore. ISRO gives the cost as Rupees 450 crore. Its illustrated book says this is about 80 million US dollars. Outside reports gave other dollar figures, such as 73 million from NPR. So the dollar number changes with the source. The rupee figure is the safest to quote. Read more: SciTech0178 — Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission).

Which Mars Orbiter Mission payload was built to look for methane, and what did it report?

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