The Green Revolution and Crop Policy

India’s Green Revolution transformed the country from food-deficit to largely food-secure, sparking a series of related “revolutions” across other agricultural sectors.

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IndEco0052 · Indian Economy

Colour-Coded Revolutions

India’s Green Revolution sparked a series of agricultural breakthroughs, each named for its sector

Crop insurance

PMFBY

Price floor

MSP

Chemical-free method

Zero Budget Natural Farming

Green Revolution

Foodgrain

• Boosted foodgrain production through high-yield seeds.
• Considered to have started in Punjab.

White Revolution

Milk

• Verghese Kurien is its recognised father.
• Transformed India’s milk production.

Yellow Revolution

Oilseeds

• Associated with a push in oilseed crops.

Revolutions Have Costs

The shift toward methods like Zero Budget Natural Farming reflects growing concern over the Green Revolution’s environmental costs, decades after its success.

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Must Know

• India’s Green Revolution, boosting foodgrain production through high-yield seeds, is considered to have started in Punjab. It is one of several colour-named revolutions covered in IndEco0045 — India’s Agricultural Revolutions.
• Verghese Kurien is known as the Father of India’s White Revolution, transforming milk production.
• India’s Yellow Revolution is associated with a push in oilseed crops.
• The Minimum Support Price (MSP) system guarantees farmers a floor price for key crops.
• Zero Budget Natural Farming is a method that avoids purchased chemical inputs entirely.

Good to Know

• The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is India’s flagship crop insurance scheme.
• A Soil Health Card mainly provides information on a farmer’s soil nutrient status.
• The Government promotes neem-coated urea to reduce diversion of subsidised fertiliser for non-agricultural use.
• Multiplying and distributing the Green Revolution’s high-yielding seed varieties needed a dedicated system. That system grew into today’s seed sector. See IndEco0204 — The Seed Sector in India.

Test Yourself

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1. India’s Green Revolution is considered to have started from which town?

Kanpur

Delhi

Bengaluru

Pantnagar

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Great to Know

• The pattern of naming agricultural breakthroughs after colours (Green, White, Yellow) reflects how each transformed a distinct sector, from grain to milk to oilseeds.
• Crop insurance and price-support schemes like PMFBY and MSP together aim to reduce the financial risk farmers face from weather and market volatility.
• The shift toward sustainable methods like Zero Budget Natural Farming reflects growing concern over the Green Revolution’s environmental costs, decades after its initial success. See IndEco0203 — Zero Budget Natural Farming.