Indian Polity and Constitution Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 14)

The correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2, per the official UPSC key. The India Sanitation Coalition is a multi-stakeholder platform (NGOs, corporates, foundations, FICCI secretariat), not Government-of-India-and-WHO-funded — Statement 1 is false. NIUA is usually described as an autonomous think-tank under MoHUA, not strictly its “apex body” — Statement 2 was also marked false in the official key.

The correct answer is (d) 1, 2 and 4 only. Statement 3 is false — MPLADS funds are non-lapsable and unused funds CAN be carried forward to the next year. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Read more.

The correct answer is no, the PM is drawn from, and answerable to, Parliament. Direct popular election of the executive is a presidential-system feature, not a parliamentary one.

The correct answer is Britain (the Westminster system). India adopted and adapted this model after independence.

The correct answer is the executive is directly elected by the people for a fixed term. This describes a presidential system, not a parliamentary one.

The correct answer is the Government is responsible to the Parliament and can be removed by it. This accountability test, not party representation or direct popular election, is what defines a parliamentary system.

The correct answer is (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. The Supreme Court genuinely has limited Article 16(4) reservations via Article 335’s efficiency language. But Article 335’s own text never defines the term “efficiency of administration” — it only requires reservation claims be considered consistently with it. Read more.

The correct answer is (b) Only two. Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong on two counts: it’s the Governor, not the Chief Minister, who reports, and the report goes to the President, not the Union Home Ministry. Read more.

The correct answer is the Arms (Amendment) Act, 2019. It punishes rash or negligent celebratory gunfire that endangers life. The penalty is up to two years, or a fine up to Rs 1 lakh, or both. Memory hook: gunfire means Arms Act.

The correct answer is preventing infiltration along borders and coasts. These units help the Border Security Force. They are raised in border States only. Memory hook: Border Wing means infiltration.

The correct answer is each State or Union Territory’s own Home Guards Act. Policing is a State subject. The Pondicherry force, for example, runs under its own 1965 Act and 1966 Rules. Memory hook: no single Central Act.

The correct answer is Only two. Pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched. Pair 2 is wrong — interfering with an on-duty police or military officer also falls under the Official Secrets Act, 1923 (Section 7), not the Indian Evidence Act.

The correct answer is Only two. Home Guards are raised under each State’s own Act, not a Central one — Statement 1 is false. Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

The correct answer is Article 21 and the freedoms in Part III. Privacy is an intrinsic part of life and personal liberty. It is read with the other Fundamental Rights. Memory hook: life and liberty hold privacy.

The correct answer is Article 14. Its equality-before-law guarantee anchors India’s Rule of Law, backed by judicial review and an independent judiciary.

The correct answer is A.V. Dicey. His three elements — supremacy of law, equality before law, and a constitution shaped by ordinary courts — remain the classic reference point.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 4 only. Dicey’s classic formulation covers limitation of powers, equality before law, and liberty/civil rights. “People’s responsibility to the Government” inverts the concept — the Rule of Law is about government’s accountability to law.

The correct answer is if there are no laws, there is no liberty. This echoes John Locke’s formulation — liberty needs law to protect it from others’ restraint and violence; more laws don’t automatically mean less liberty.

The correct answer is World Justice Project. WJP publishes the Rule of Law Index annually, ranking countries on factors like limits on government power and absence of corruption.

The answer is (d), neither 1 nor 2. UPSC’s key treats statement 1 as incorrect. The Second ARC found tenure uncertain and proposed two years.

The IAS (Fixation of Cadre Strength) Regulations, 1955 allow a reserve of up to 40 per cent of senior duty posts. It is a ceiling, not a fixed share.

The order counts the cadre gap on 1 January of the year after the examination year. States then send their requirements by 31 January.

The correct answer is (d) Planning Commission. NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission on 1 January 2015, taking on a different advisory role rather than the old resource-allocation function. Read more.

The correct answer is (c) A mechanism of parliamentary democracy for ensuring collective responsibility of the Government to the people.. The Cabinet system’s core principle is collective responsibility: the Cabinet as a whole answers to Parliament and, through it, to the people — not minimizing criticism, speeding up administration, or shoring up one leader’s declining hold on power. Read more.

The correct answer is (a) 2 only, as per the official UPSC answer key (CSP 2017, Series A). Vidyanjali improves the quality of education in government schools with help from the private sector and the community. Statement 3 is wrong: Vidyanjali seeks volunteer services and material contributions, not monetary donations. Statement 1, about foreign institutions opening campuses in India, has nothing to do with Vidyanjali. Read more.