Press, Education & Economy under British Rule (Set 2)

The universities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras were founded on 24 September 1857, in the presidency towns Wood’s Despatch had recommended for university establishment.

The Despatch recommended a DPI in each of five provinces: Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Punjab, and the North-Western Provinces, to administer the new education system on the ground.

Wood’s Despatch recommended English for higher studies, while vernacular languages were recommended at the primary level, and Anglo-vernacular at the high-school level — a graded, not uniform, language policy.

The correct answer is 1937. Gandhi called the Wardha Conference in October 1937, which set out the Basic Education plan.

The correct answer is 1921. It grew out of Tagore’s earlier school at Santiniketan, started in 1901.

The correct answer is learning through a productive craft, like spinning or weaving. Reading, writing, and civics grew out of that craft work.

The correct answer is the Zakir Husain Committee, and Tagore called Visva-Bharati a “world university.” The Hunter Commission (1882) and Sapru Committee were real bodies, but on different subjects.

From Bengal the Company exported cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium – the wealth that funded its rise to political power. Raw cotton, sugar, copper and tea were not the main Bengal staples of that period.

NCERT says nationalism captured people’s imagination through cultural processes – history and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols.

Kudi Arasu was E.V. Ramaswami Naicker’s journal, Kisan Bulletin was Indulal Yagnik’s, Bombay Chronicle was founded by Pherozeshah Mehta, and Bhawani Mandir was Aurobindo Ghosh’s pamphlet. So A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.

The answer is Napoleon Bonaparte. He saw control of India’s trade as the key to dominating Europe, shaping his ambitions in the East.

The answer is Robert Fortune. He smuggled tea plants and Chinese expertise into British India, enabling the tea industry to take root there.

The answer is the claim about Mahalwari land belonging to the Government. Under Mahalwari, revenue was assessed collectively on the village (mahal), with the village community holding proprietary rights, not the state.

Jenmis held land by hereditary right. Tenants farmed it and paid a share. Tenancy disputes were a major cause of unrest in Malabar.

Narendra Dev was the eighth Vice-Chancellor of Lucknow University. He then led Banaras Hindu University from December 1951 to May 1954.