Revolutionary Movement & INA (Set 3)

His close friendship with Ram Prasad Bismil, both Urdu poets, became a lasting symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity in the freedom struggle.

He took part in the Kakori train robbery, looting a government train near Lucknow to fund the HRA’s revolutionary activities.

He was betrayed by a friend from Shahjahanpur, who secretly informed the Delhi police of his whereabouts.

He was executed at Faizabad Jail, the last of the four Kakori conspirators sentenced to death.

They intended to kill magistrate Douglas Kingsford, targeted for jailing nationalist press members and ordering a protester’s caning.

The bomb hit the wrong carriage, killing the wife and daughter of barrister Pringle Kennedy; Kingsford was elsewhere.

Prafulla Chaki took his own life when cornered by police, rather than be captured alive.

He was executed at Muzaffarpur Jail at age 18, reportedly walking to the gallows firmly and smiling.

Sahgal formed and commanded the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, an all-women combat unit of the INA, from October 1943.

Sahgal earned her MBBS from Madras Medical College in 1938. She practised medicine both before and long after her time in the INA.

Sahgal actually held the INA rank of Lieutenant Colonel. The “Captain” title, from her early days in the movement, simply stuck in popular use.

Prem Kumar Sahgal was one of the three INA officers court-martialled at the Red Fort in 1945-46, alongside Shah Nawaz Khan and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon.

Sahgal contested the 2002 Indian presidential election against A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, at the age of 87. She lost, but polled a notable share of the vote.

Sen’s group seized the police armoury and the auxiliary-force armoury, also cutting telegraph lines during the raid.

British forces caught up with the raiders at Jalalabad Hill on 22 April 1930; twelve revolutionaries were killed before the rest scattered underground.

Sen was betrayed by an associate, Netra Sen, which led directly to his capture after almost three years of evading arrest.

To avoid his grave becoming a rallying point, prison authorities reportedly disposed of Sen’s body in the Bay of Bengal after his hanging.

Khan, Prem Sahgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were jointly court-martialled at the Red Fort — one Muslim, one Hindu, one Sikh.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army commuted the death sentence to cashiering. Public unrest across India was a major factor behind the commutation.

Khan won the Meerut seat in 1951, 1957, 1962, and 1971, after declaring he would follow Gandhi’s path of non-violence.

The government set up the Shah Nawaz Committee in 1956 to investigate the circumstances of Bose’s disappearance and reported death.

Khan was commissioned into the 14th Punjab Regiment, and was captured as a prisoner of war after the fall of Singapore in 1942.

Durgawati Devi posed as Bhagat Singh’s wife, with her young son, while he travelled by train in disguise, clean-shaven and in Western clothes.

In 1929, Durgawati Devi took part in an attempt to assassinate Lord Hailey, the former Governor of Punjab. He escaped unharmed, though some of his associates were injured.

The Chapekar brothers are considered the first armed revolutionaries to assassinate a British official in India.