Revolutionary Movement & INA (Set 4)

The brothers were angered by the brutal, invasive measures British troops used to contain a bubonic plague outbreak in Pune.

Damodar Hari called out “Gondya ala re” (“Gondya has come”), the brothers’ prearranged signal to fire.

Damodar Hari Chapekar, arrested first, was hanged on 18 April 1898, over a year before his two brothers.

Mahadev Vinayak Ranade helped kill the informants and was hanged on 10 May 1899, alongside the surviving Chapekar brothers.

Udham Singh was present at the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919, and survived it.

Udham Singh adopted the name “Ram Mohammad Singh Azad” in custody, representing Punjab’s three major faiths and his ideal of freedom.

Udham Singh’s suppressed courtroom statement was only published in 1996, decades after his 1940 trial.

Udham Singh’s remains were received in India by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1974, before being distributed to major Sikh sites.

Lahiri was studying for an M.A. in History, at Banaras Hindu University, when he became involved in revolutionary activity.

Lahiri was sentenced to 10 years’ rigorous imprisonment for his role in the earlier Dakshineswar bomb case.

Lahiri was hanged on 17 December 1927, at Gonda Jail — two days before his three Kakori co-accused.

The British gave no clear public reason for moving Lahiri’s execution two days earlier than his co-accused.

The mutiny began at HMIS Talwar, a signal training establishment in Bombay, when about 1,100 ratings went on strike.

The mutiny spread within days to 78 ships and 20 shore establishments, involving roughly 20,000 sailors.

Congress sent Vallabhbhai Patel and the Muslim League sent Muhammad Ali Jinnah; together they persuaded the ratings to surrender.

Ratings formed the Naval Central Strike Committee (NCSC), led by M. S. Khan, to coordinate the mutiny’s demands.

Coming soon after the INA trials, the mutiny convinced British policymakers they could no longer trust the armed forces to help maintain their rule, hastening the decision to leave India.

Hemu Kalani attempted to derail a British military train near Sukkur, his home city, on 22 October 1942.

The British offered Hemu Kalani clemency only if he named his co-conspirators, an offer he refused.

Hemu Kalani was born on 23 March, the same calendar date on which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru had been executed in 1931.

Roshan Singh joined the HRA in 1924, after his release from jail for the Bareilly shooting case, during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921-22.

Roshan Singh never took part in the Kakori train robbery. His death sentence rested on the separate Bamrauli dacoity case, bundled into the same trial.

Rajendra Lahiri was the youngest of the four, at 26, while Roshan Singh was noticeably older, at 35.

The British transferred Diwan Singh to Port Blair in 1927, largely as punishment for his nationalist sympathies.

His community work in Port Blair — building a Gurdwara open to all faiths, along with schools and a library — earned him the name ‘Kalepani,’ after the Cellular Jail’s own nickname.