Tribal & Peasant Revolts (Set 1)

Ram Singh was exiled to Rangoon, Burma, where he remained a state prisoner for over a decade, officially reported to have died in 1885.

Ram Singh is considered among the first Indian leaders to use non-cooperation and boycott of British goods and services as an organised political weapon.

Tantia Bhil plundered British treasuries and their local collaborators, redistributing much of the wealth among poor and needy people.

He became known as “Mama” (uncle) to people of all ages, a title the Bhil community still takes pride in today.

The New York Times covered his arrest on 10 November 1889, using the “Robin Hood of India” phrase for American readers.

He was betrayed by Ganpat, husband of his adoptive sister, who lured him to a parley that was actually an ambush.

He was tried and hanged at Jubbulpore on 4 December 1889, at the age of 49, after being held at Indore’s Central India Agency Jail.

Jadonang founded the Heraka (“pure”) movement, emphasising worship of the supreme god Tingkao Ragwang and reviving traditional Naga religious practice.

Jadonang’s cousin, Rani Gaidinliu, who had joined the movement at around age 13, took over leadership after his death and gave it a sharper political edge.

Jadonang called for an independent Naga kingdom, “Naga Raj,” directly challenging British colonial authority over Naga territories.

The Samp Sabha taught monotheism, temperance, and agriculture among Bhil and Banjara communities, and rejected superstition.

Troops attacked the gathering at Mangarh Hill, on the Banswara-Sunth border, in what became known as the Mangarh massacre.

It is sometimes called the “Adivasi Jallianwala Bagh,” though it took place nearly six years before the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Haji headquartered his parallel government at Nilambur, complete with its own passport, currency, and tax system.

Haji led the armed phase of the Malabar Rebellion, also called the Moplah Rebellion, which began in August 1921.

The British captured Haji through betrayal by a close associate, under the guise of a treaty, and executed him by shooting the same day, 20 January 1922.

Pazhassi Raja led earlier uprisings against the East India Company in Malabar, decades before Haji’s 1921 rebellion in the same broader region.

Haji built his forces with participation from both Hindu and Muslim men, and worked to keep Hindu-Muslim unity intact, even as British officials tried to frame him as a religious extremist.

He was the first Adivasi leader from the Paharia community to lead sustained armed resistance against British rule.

He fatally wounded Augustus Cleveland, the British Collector of Bhagalpur, with an arrow in January 1784.