Gandhian Era (1919-47) (Set 2)

Nana Patil remained underground for 44 months during the Quit India years, evading British capture.

After independence, Nana Patil served as a Communist Party of India MP, from Satara (1957-62) and Beed (1967-71).

Chittu Pandey led revolutionaries who ousted British officials from Ballia district on 19 August 1942.

Chittu Pandey was proclaimed “Swaraj Ziladhish,” or Independent District Magistrate, of Ballia in August 1942.

Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, despite differing sharply on strategy, both called Chittu Pandey “Sher-e-Ballia,” the Lion of Ballia.

British forces retook Ballia within about a week, forcing Chittu Pandey and other revolutionaries to flee.

Chittu Pandey’s brief Ballia uprising is often compared to Nana Patil’s Prati Sarkar in Satara, which ran a similar parallel government for years rather than days.

He was elected the Congress Socialist Party’s first president at its founding conference in Patna.

Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia were among the CSP’s key co-founders alongside Narendra Dev.

The CSP separated from Congress in 1948 to become an independent Socialist Party, later the Praja Socialist Party.

Pyarelal Nayyar took part in the 1930 Salt March to Dandi, more than a decade before he became Gandhi’s secretary.

Malaviya’s legal defence at the Allahabad High Court reduced the confirmed death sentences from 170 to just 19, saving 151 people from the gallows.

The Swarajists, or ‘pro-changers’, wanted to contest elections and enter the councils to obstruct the government from inside. Boycotting the councils for the constructive programme was the rival ‘no-changer’ position, which defeated Das’s motion at the Gaya session in December 1922.

Das was presiding over the Gaya session when his council-entry motion was defeated. He resigned the Congress presidency and moved within days to form what became the Swarajya Party, with Motilal Nehru. He did not leave the Congress, and was never expelled — the Swarajists operated as a party within it.

The pact set an eventual target of 55% of government posts for Muslims, with 80% of new appointments going to them until that share was reached. The 60/40 figure was the majority/minority split for local bodies. Congress rejected the pact at its Coconada session weeks later.

Subhas Chandra Bose was appointed Chief Executive Officer, his first serious administrative role, with Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy as Deputy Mayor. Das was Bose’s political mentor. Bipin Chandra Pal and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay were both real associates of Das, but through his journal Narayana, not the Corporation.

Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das founded the Swaraj Party on 1 January 1923, after their proposal for council entry was rejected at the Gaya Congress session in December 1922.

A mob killed policemen at Chauri Chaura in February 1922. Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement in response, a decision Motilal Nehru publicly opposed.

The all-party committee Motilal Nehru chaired in 1928 produced the Nehru Report, the first constitution drafted entirely by Indians. It proposed dominion status for India.

Jawaharlal Nehru disagreed with his father’s support for dominion status, pushing instead for full independence. Gandhi’s compromise gave Britain one year before Congress would demand it outright.