Gandhian Era (1919-47) (Set 3)

Azad was elected Congress President in 1923 at just 35 years old, making him the youngest person to ever hold that post.

She organised women satyagrahis in the Salt Satyagraha during the Civil Disobedience Movement, and was imprisoned three times between 1930 and 1933 for this role.

The Rowlatt Act let British India imprison anyone suspected of terrorism for up to two years without trial, based on the Rowlatt (Sedition) Committee’s recommendations.

Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (general strike) on 6 April 1919, launching the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Gandhi called off the campaign after the hartal turned violent in several cities, especially Punjab, distressed that it had strayed from non-violence.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong — the Simon Commission arrived in 1928, nearly a decade after the 1919 Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Dyer’s troops opened fire on an unarmed crowd at Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds — one of colonial rule’s deadliest single incidents.

The march began at Tiruchirappalli and covered about 150 miles to reach Vedaranyam on the Tanjore coast.

The correct answer is the bonfires of foreign cloth during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Tagore, an internationalist, saw the practice as needlessly destructive.

NCERT records the Act continued war-time measures such as detention without trial, and Gandhi called a countrywide campaign against it that was intense in the Punjab.

The answer is Vithalbhai Patel. He sided with C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru’s Pro-Changers, who wanted council entry. His younger brother, Vallabhbhai Patel, was a No-Changer instead.

The answer is Satara. Led by Nana Patil, the Satara Prati Sarkar ran for years and controlled over 150 villages before independence.

The answer is T.B. Sapru and M.R. Jayakar. Moderates who broke from Congress after the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms founded this Liberal Party.

Lord Irwin served as Viceroy of India from 1926 to 1931, covering the entire Dandi March period in 1930. Gandhi march to break the salt law ran from 12 March to 6 April 1930, directly under Irwin tenure. Their negotiations later led to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in March 1931.

The answer is 1, 2 and 3 only. Gandhi’s 1916 BHU speech is remembered for criticising elite indifference to the poor, farmers, and untouchables; he was famously a champion of Ahmedabad’s mill workers against the mill owners, not the other way round.

The answer is A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2. The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, the Salt March happened in 1930, the Chauri Chaura incident occurred in 1922, and the Second Round Table Conference met in 1931.

Gandhi led his first major civil disobedience campaign in India at Champaran, Bihar, in 1917, over the forced indigo cultivation system. The Bihar government launched year-long centenary celebrations starting 10 April 2017, marking a century since the movement began. Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the concluding ceremony at Motihari in Champaran district.

The answer is the claim about reserved seats for Depressed Classes. That issue was actually addressed separately through the Communal Award and the Poona Pact, not the 1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

He led the Howrah District Congress Committee from 1921 to 1936. He was close to Chittaranjan Das and Subhas Chandra Bose.

Her hunger strike at Tihar Jail improved conditions there. She was then moved to Ambala and held in solitary confinement.