World Geography Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 10)

The correct answer is NavIC. NavIC is India’s regional satellite navigation system. It provides positioning services across the Indian subcontinent. It also reduces India’s dependence on foreign satellite systems for critical positioning.

Each 15 degrees of longitude corresponds to a one-hour time difference; 60° East is 4 hours ahead of Greenwich.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) combine mapped data with analytical software, enabling detailed spatial analysis for planning and disaster response.

The Global Positioning System (GPS), developed by the US, uses a network of satellites to determine precise location anywhere on Earth.

Cartography, the science of mapmaking, has evolved from manual surveying to satellite-based, digitally generated maps.

A river’s drainage basin, or watershed, is the entire land area from which it collects water, often spanning multiple countries.

Drainage patterns are classified by shape, including dendritic (tree-like), radial, and trellis patterns, reflecting underlying rock and slope structure.

The Congo river system drains the second-largest rainforest basin in the world, across Central Africa.

The Nile is often cited as the world’s longest river, flowing northward through north-eastern Africa to the Mediterranean Sea.

The Amazon drainage basin, the world’s largest by area and discharge volume, covers much of South America’s Amazon rainforest.

The technique is also used in archaeology, dating fired materials like pottery kilns based on the magnetic alignment locked in when they cooled.

Matching magnetic stripe patterns on either side of mid-ocean ridges confirmed that new ocean floor forms and spreads symmetrically over time.

Paleomagnetic evidence provided crucial early support for the theory of plate tectonics and continental drift.

Certain minerals, especially iron-bearing ones, align with Earth’s magnetic field as rocks form, permanently locking in that alignment.

Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of Earth’s magnetic field preserved in rocks, sediments, and archaeological materials.

GIS is useful because it combines information by location. Hazard, settlement and infrastructure layers help planners assess exposure together.

A hazard layer shows dangerous ground. Adding a village and road layer shows who and what may be affected.

One layer can still be useful, but it cannot answer every risk question. Integrated analysis depends on suitable, accurate and current data.

The distractors either discard integration or deny GIS’s planning value. Hazard and vulnerability must be considered together when assessing potential losses.

Review sensing, GIS and map layers. Read the Geological Survey of India lesson for geological mapping context.

Remote sensing supports a more proactive approach by observing changing conditions before some disasters. It also supports damage mapping and response afterward.

Satellite data can show storm development or surface changes requiring investigation. Observations help planning when combined with other measurements and models.

The correct option’s continuous-monitoring wording describes ongoing monitoring programmes. It does not guarantee uninterrupted observations of every slope.

The distractors wrongly exclude monitoring before a disaster. Technology has limits, including observation intervals and incomplete or unusable data.

Follow the observation-to-action chain. Explore geological investigation and mapping to see why ground knowledge also matters.

Landslides illustrate how natural and human factors compound each other. Deforestation and unplanned construction on unstable slopes can turn a moderate rainfall event into a landslide disaster that wouldn’t otherwise have occurred. This means land-use policy directly shapes disaster risk.

Geographical factors influencing industry location include raw material availability, power supply, labour, infrastructure, transport, and disaster vulnerability. Non-geographical factors include capital investment, access to loans, market conditions, government policy, and skilled labour availability.

Alfred Weber’s least-cost theory explains industrial location primarily through minimizing transport and labour costs. This is one of the earliest systematic frameworks for this kind of analysis.

The tension between geographical and non-geographical location factors reflects a deeper reality. Even in an era of global supply chains, physical geography hasn’t become irrelevant. It now competes directly with capital, policy, and market access as a locational driver, rather than dominating the decision on its own.

Agglomeration economies create a self-reinforcing pattern. Once an industrial cluster forms, its very existence attracts more of the same industry. New entrants gain access to the same shared infrastructure and specialized labour pool, making the cluster harder for other regions to compete with over time.

The rise of footloose industries reflects a broader historical shift in industrial location logic. As transport costs fell and information-based industries grew, the traditional pull of raw-material proximity weakened for many sectors. This gave other factors, like skilled labour availability and market access, much greater relative weight.