World History Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 11)

Mongol horse-riding and mounted archery, sharpened during hunts that doubled as military drills, gave their army exceptional speed and combat skill.

At the Indus, the heat, the unfamiliar habitat, and ill omens reported by his Shaman soothsayer made Genghis Khan turn back to Mongolia instead of entering India.

Sultan Muhammad of Khwarazm executed Mongol envoys, provoking Genghis Khan into a devastating campaign that destroyed Bukhara, Samarqand, and other great cities.

The Mongols breached the Great Wall in 1213 and sacked Peking in 1215, though war against the Chin dynasty continued for two more decades.

The quriltai of 1206 proclaimed Temujin as Great Khan, giving him the title Genghis Khan, meaning Oceanic Khan or Universal Ruler.

Islams rejection of depicting living beings in religious art promoted calligraphy and arabesque, geometric and plant-based designs, as the two dominant Islamic art forms.

Firdausis Shahnama, or Book of Kings, took 30 years to complete and became a masterpiece of Islamic literature, tracing Iranian history and legend.

Ibn Sina’s million-word Canon of Medicine listed 760 drugs and became a standard European medical textbook, where he was known as Avicenna.

Differences in legal interpretation and reasoning led to four schools of law: Maliki, Hanafi, Shafii, and Hanbali, each named after a leading jurist.

A silsila, meaning chain in Arabic, combined all three elements: a continuous master-disciple link, unbroken genealogy back to the Prophet, and transmission of spiritual power to devotees.

The Mamluks, rulers of Egypt, finally expelled the Crusading Christians from Palestine in 1291, ending nearly two centuries of Crusader presence in the region.

Salah al-Din, known as Saladin, built an Egypto-Syrian empire and defeated the Crusaders in 1187, regaining Jerusalem nearly a century after the First Crusade.

Caliph al-Qaim conferred the title of Sultan on the Saljuq leader Tughril Beg in 1055, marking a formal separation between religious and political power.

The Fatimids founded Qahira, known today as Cairo, after conquering Egypt in 969. It replaced Fustat, Egypt’s older capital.

The Buyids, a Shiite clan from Iran, captured Baghdad in 945. They kept the Abbasid caliph as the symbolic head of their Sunni subjects rather than abolishing the office.

The dawa movement that brought down the Umayyads was based in Khurasan, in eastern Iran, drawing on a mixed Arab-Iranian population resentful of Umayyad rule.

Abd al-Malik removed Byzantine and Iranian symbols, like crosses and fire altars, and introduced Arabic-inscribed Islamic coinage as part of his wider reforms.

Muawiya moved the capital to Damascus and adopted Byzantine court ceremony and administration there. Baghdad became the capital only later, under the Abbasids.

Umar, the second Rightly Guided Caliph, directed the campaigns that brought Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Egypt under Arab-Islamic control by the 640s.

The hijra took place in 622 CE. Muhammad had begun preaching around 610 CE, and this migration, forced by Meccan opposition, marks year one of the Islamic calendar.

Constantine’s solidus, a coin of pure gold, remained in wide circulation for centuries and outlasted the Roman Empire that first minted it.

Justinian recaptured Africa from the Vandals in 533 CE and Italy from the Ostrogoths soon after, though the Italian campaign left the country devastated.

The rapid turnover of 25 emperors in 47 years shows the severe strain the empire faced from invasions and civil war during the third century.

The kings of Mari were Amorites, a nomadic people who settled in the region and honoured both Mesopotamian gods and their own god Dagan.

Officers at Mari inspected river cargo and levied a charge of about one-tenth the value of the goods before allowing the boat to continue.