Indian Polity and Constitution Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 38)

Courts have upheld SFIO’s exclusive jurisdiction once it is assigned a case, so no other agency can investigate the same company’s affairs in parallel.

Rules under Section 212 came into force on 24 August 2017, letting SFIO officers arrest suspects directly, a major expansion of its powers.

Satyam’s chairman confessed to inflating the company’s accounts by roughly ₹7,000 crore, in January 2009.

SFIO was created in 2003 but was notified as a statutory body under Section 211 of the Companies Act, 2013 only on 21 July 2015.

The Naresh Chandra Committee on Corporate Governance recommended a dedicated fraud office, after scandals like the Ketan Parekh scam.

The 2016 Act broadened BIS’s remit from articles and processes to goods, services, and systems, and enabled mandatory hallmarking of precious metals.

The BIS Act, 2016 came into effect on 12 October 2017, replacing the earlier BIS Act of 1986.

BIS traces back to the Indian Standards Institution, established 3 September 1946, which it replaced in 1987 while keeping the familiar ISI mark.

The 2024 ruling held the ED cannot arrest an accused once a Special Court has already taken cognizance of the complaint.

PMLA, enacted in 2002, actually came into force and into ED’s hands on 1 July 2005.

An ECIR is usually opened only after a predicate offence, such as one filed by the police or CBI, points to a money trail.

It began within the Department of Economic Affairs, and moved to the Department of Revenue only in 1960.

The Election Commission of India and State Election Commissions are separate constitutional bodies; State Election Commissions independently conduct panchayat and municipal elections under Articles 243K and 243ZA.

The CEC and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 replaced the CJI on the selection committee with a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister, a change since challenged in court.

The 2023 Act says the Commission decides by majority when its members differ. The Chief Election Commissioner cannot overrule the other two.

Sukumar Sen was India’s first Chief Election Commissioner, serving from 21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958.

POTA carried a built-in three-year sunset clause from the start; TADA instead required repeated Parliamentary renewal. Both laws allowed police confessions as evidence.

POTA replaced the interim Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO), issued after the December 2001 Parliament attack.

Fewer than 2 percent of those arrested under TADA were ever convicted, a key reason cited for its 1995 lapse.

Kalelkar expressed doubts about parts of the report in his forwarding letter to the President, though he filed no formal dissent.

The government argued the Commission hadn’t applied objective criteria like income or literacy to define backwardness.

The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, during the Emergency period.

Protecting the environment (51A-g), cherishing the freedom struggle’s ideals (51A-b), and developing scientific temper (51A-h) are genuine Fundamental Duties; “striving for equal protection of law” is not part of Article 51A’s wording.

The Act specifically exempted the Ayodhya dispute (Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid), which was already in litigation when the law was passed in 1991.

The Naz Foundation judgment held that Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, as applied to consenting adults, violated fundamental rights.

The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 inserted Articles 15(6) and 16(6), enabling reservation for Economically Weaker Sections.