Environment and Ecology Mixed Practice — MCQs with Answers (Set 26)

The correct answer is a federation of 10 indigenous Khasi kingdoms that governs the project.

The Ka Synjuk Ki Hima Arliang Wah Umiam Mawphlang Welfare Society represents 10 indigenous Khasi himas (traditional kingdoms) and their 62 villages. It registered as a unified legal entity in Meghalaya in August 2011, to govern the REDD+ project.

The correct answer is 2013.

The project’s federation registered in 2011, but it was certified under the international Plan Vivo standard in 2013, making it India’s first Plan Vivo certified REDD+ project.

The correct answer is (b) 1 and 2.

Statement 1 is correct: Madhav National Park was declared India’s 58th Tiger Reserve in 2025.

Statement 2 is correct: Sakhya Sagar, a reservoir inside the park, was designated a Ramsar Site on 7 January 2022.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Madhav National Park lies entirely within Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh. It is not shared with Rajasthan.

The correct answer is it lies entirely within Madhya Pradesh’s Shivpuri district.

Madhav National Park sits wholly inside Shivpuri district, in the Gwalior division of Madhya Pradesh. It does not extend into Rajasthan or any other neighbouring state, despite Shivpuri’s proximity to the Rajasthan border region.

The correct answer is King George V.

George Castle was built in 1911 to accommodate King George V during an intended jungle visit near Shivpuri. The visit never actually took place, but the castle was later used by British Army officers and royal hunting parties.

The correct answer is Madho Rao Scindia.

The park is named after Madho Rao Scindia, a Maharaja of Gwalior credited with modernising the state. The park’s two reservoirs, Sakhya Sagar and Madhav Sagar, were also built under his patronage, originally in 1918.

The correct answer is Sakhya Sagar.

Sakhya Sagar, a reservoir originally built for Madho Rao Scindia, was designated a Ramsar Site (a wetland of international importance) on 7 January 2022. It sits within Madhav National Park, alongside the smaller Madhav Sagar reservoir.

The correct answer is 2025.

Madhav National Park, in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, was declared India’s 58th Tiger Reserve in 2025 — the technical committee’s recommendation had come in December 2024.

The correct answer is the UN Ocean Conference (UNOC), Nice, France.

FAO presented its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, including sustainable fisheries, aquaculture, and Blue Transformation, at UNOC held in Nice, France, in June 2025.

The correct answer is 35%.

The Blue Transformation Roadmap 2022–2030 targets 35% growth in global sustainable aquaculture production by 2030, as part of its broader push to sustainably expand aquaculture, manage fisheries effectively, and upgrade aquatic food value chains.

The correct answer is (d) 1, 2 and 3.

All three statements are correct. SOFIA 2024 reported that in 2022, aquaculture produced 94.4 million tonnes of aquatic animals, 51% of the world total, overtaking capture fisheries for the first time. Total fisheries and aquaculture production, including 37.8 million tonnes of algae, reached 223.2 million tonnes that year.

The correct answer is the 34th Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI), February 2021.

Blue Transformation emerged from COFI 34 in February 2021, centred on the Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, negotiated and endorsed by all FAO Members. It was then highlighted through the SOFIA 2022 report and formalised as the Roadmap 2022–2030 at COFI 35 in September 2022.

It has no connection to the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement or the Paris Agreement — those are separate international processes.

The correct answer is FAO’s Roadmap 2022–2030 for sustainable growth in fisheries and aquaculture.

Blue Transformation is FAO’s guiding vision for aquatic food systems, formalised as a Roadmap for 2022–2030. It builds on the 2021 Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, endorsed by all FAO Members at COFI’s 34th session.

It is not a treaty, a compensation fund, or a product certification — it is a strategic roadmap guiding FAO’s own policy and technical work.

The correct answer is (c) Khasi Hills Community REDD+ project.

Located in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, along the Umiam River watershed, this project was certified under the international Plan Vivo standard in 2013, becoming India’s first Plan Vivo certified REDD+ project. It is managed by a federation of 10 indigenous Khasi tribal kingdoms (a Synjuk), spanning over 60 local communities, and protects roughly 27,000 hectares of cloud forest and sacred groves along with degraded land under Assisted Natural Regeneration. It has since avoided over 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 emissions and channels carbon-credit revenue back to participating communities.

The other three options name real REDD+/forest-carbon initiatives in India, but none was the first Plan Vivo certified one — that distinction belongs specifically to Khasi Hills.

The correct answer is (b) Better production, better nutrition, better environment and better life.

The “Four Betters” are the organising principle of FAO’s Strategic Framework 2022-31: transforming the world’s agrifood systems, including fisheries and aquaculture, toward better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life — leaving no one behind. FAO applies this same framework to its Blue Transformation agenda, which it presented at the UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) in Nice, France, in June 2025, covering sustainable aquaculture growth, effective fisheries management, and resilient aquatic food value chains.

Option (a) swaps in “better ocean” for “better life,” which is not one of FAO’s four official terms. Options (c) and (d) replace “better production” with invented terms like “better coral reefs” and “better estuaries” — these sound thematically related to oceans but are not part of FAO’s actual framework, which is generic across all agrifood systems, not ocean-specific vocabulary.

The correct answer is Schedule VI. That was the specified-plants schedule under the original six-schedule structure. The 2022 amendment collapsed six schedules into four, folding CITES-listed specimens into a new Schedule IV.

The correct answer is the provincial flower of Uva Province, Sri Lanka. Sikkim’s own state flower is a different orchid, Dendrobium nobile, not Rhynchostylis retusa — a real fact borrowed from a related species, and a common source of confusion.

The correct answer is 1 and 3 only. R. retusa is indeed a monopodial epiphyte and the state flower of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, but it is listed under CITES Appendix II, not Appendix I — a frequent trap.

The correct answer is Assam. Kopou phool is central to Assamese Bihu celebrations, worn by dancers and seen at weddings as a symbol of love and fertility.

The correct answer is Orchidaceae. Rhynchostylis retusa is a monopodial epiphyte within the Vanda alliance of the orchid family.

The correct answer is roughly 5,000–6,000 km, taking 4 to 5 days. This non-stop Arabian Sea crossing is the longest known non-stop oceanic crossing by any raptor species. It is only one leg of the falcon’s full journey. The one-way distance from breeding grounds to southern Africa is about 14,500 km. The full annual round trip runs close to 22,000 km.

The correct answer is 2013. Nagaland pioneered satellite tagging of Amur Falcons that year. More recently, on 8 November 2025, three falcons named Apapang, Alang, and Ahu were tagged at Chiuluan and Guangram villages in Manipur’s Tamenglong district.

The correct answer is the first option. Satellite tags let researchers study and monitor the falcons’ migration route in detail. The tags do not guide the birds. Falcons navigate using their own innate biological cues.

The correct answer is over 100,000. Hunters killed more than 100,000 Amur Falcons at Doyang in the 2012 season alone. A sustained campaign by the Nagaland Forest Department, local communities, and NGOs including BNHS later ended the hunting.