Princely States, Partition & Integration (Set 2)

Nehru’s 10 July 1946 press conference, where he said Congress reserved the right to modify the Cabinet Mission Plan, led Jinnah to accuse Congress of ‘treachery’ and withdraw support.

Direct Action Day’s violence set off further riots in Noakhali that October, and in Bihar the following month.

Viceroy Lord Wavell announced the plan on 14 June 1945, to break India’s wartime political deadlock.

The plan proposed equal Hindu-Muslim representation on a reconstituted Council, with every member Indian except the Viceroy and Commander-in-Chief.

The Shimla Conference ran from 25 June to 14 July 1945, attended by 21 Indian political leaders including Gandhi and Jinnah.

The conference collapsed when the Muslim League insisted on nominating every Muslim member, a demand Congress rejected.

The conference’s collapse set the stage for the 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan, the next major attempt to resolve the deadlock.

He was a member of the Banar Sena, the youth wing of the Praja Mandal movement, which opposed feudal rule in Odisha’s princely states.

Police ordered him to ferry them across the Brahmani River at Nilakanthapur Ghat. He refused, and was shot and killed that same night.

He was the youngest son of a boatman; his father died in his childhood, leaving his mother to support the family.

The Baji Rout Cup is a national football tournament, instituted in 2022 to keep his name attached to a living public event.

Azad opposed Partition, but at the AICC session on 3 June 1947 that approved the resolution, he abstained from voting and remained silent throughout.

Jinnah wanted a Muslim League veto: any decision opposed by two-thirds of the Council’s Muslim members would need to be blocked. Combined with his sole-nomination demand, this would have given the League an effective lock on Muslim-related decisions.

Sir Harcourt Butler chaired the committee, which became known by his name — the Butler Committee.

The committee tried to clarify ‘paramountcy,’ Britain’s claimed superior authority over the princely states, which had never been clearly defined.

The Butler Committee’s object was to improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian (princely) States.

The report recommended that States should not be transferred, without their own consent, to a new government responsible to an Indian legislature — a principle that stayed relevant right up to 1947.

His father Hari Rout died when Baji was a child. His mother earned a living by grinding and husking paddy.

The crowd set out from Thampanoor on the Maharaja’s birthday. Kowdiar Palace was the goal.